Essentials of Machine Olfaction and Taste (eBook)

Takamichi Nakamoto, Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. Nakamoto received his Ph.D. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan. He worked for Hitachi in the area of VLSI design automation from 1984 to 1987. In 1987, he joined Tokyo Institute of Technology as a Research Associate. In 1993, he became an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology. From 1996 to 1997, he was a Visiting Scientist at Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA, USA. He has studied an odour sensing system for 25 years, an odour recorder for 13 years and an olfactory display for 7 years. He currently teaches multivariate data analysis and computer architecture to undergraduate students, and electronic measurement, a part of bio-sensing system and a part of advanced electronic matter to graduate students.

Preface xi

About the Contributors xiii

1 Introduction to Essentials of Machine Olfaction and Tastes 1
Takamichi Nakamoto

2 Physiology of Chemical Sense and its Biosensor Application 3
Ryohei Kanzaki, Kei Nakatani, Takeshi Sakurai, Nobuo Misawa and Hidefumi Mitsuno

2.1 Introduction 3

2.2 Olfaction and Taste of Insects 4

2.3 Olfaction and Taste of Vertebrate 11

2.4 Cell?]Based Sensors and Receptor?]Based Sensors 21

2.5 Future Prospects 42

3 Large?]Scale Chemical Sensor Arrays for Machine Olfaction 49
Mara Bernabei, Simone Pantalei and Krishna C. Persaud

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 Overview of Artificial Olfactory Systems 50

3.3 Common Sensor Technologies Employed in Artificial Olfactory Systems 53

3.4 Typical Application of "Electronic Nose" Technologies 58

3.5 A Comparison between Artificial and the Biological Olfaction Systems 58

3.6 A Large?]Scale Sensor Array 59

3.7 Characterization of the Large?]Scale Sensor Array 68

3.8 Conclusions 79

4 Taste Sensor: Electronic Tongue with Global Selectivity 87
Kiyoshi Toko, Yusuke Tahara, Masaaki Habara, Yoshikazu Kobayashi and Hidekazu Ikezaki

4.1 Introduction 87

4.2 Electronic Tongues 90

4.3 Taste Sensor 92

4.4 Taste Substances Adsorbed on the Membrane 116

4.5 Miniaturized Taste Sensor 117

4.6 Pungent Sensor 122

4.7 Application to Foods and Beverages 124

4.8 Application to Medicines 141

4.9 Perspectives 160

5 Pattern Recognition 175
Saverio De Vito, Matteo Falasconi and Matteo Pardo

5.1 Introduction 175

5.2 Application Frameworks and Their Challenges 176

5.3 Unsupervised Learning and Data Exploration 180

5.4 Supervised Learning 190

5.5 Advanced Topics 202

5.6 Conclusions 210

6 Using Chemical Sensors as "Noses" for Mobile Robots 219
Hiroshi Ishida, Achim J. Lilienthal, Haruka Matsukura, Victor Hernandez Bennetts and Erik Schaffernicht

6.1 Introduction 219

6.2 Task Descriptions 220

6.3 Robots and Sensors 224

6.4 Characterization of Environments 226

6.5 Case Studies 230

6.6 Future Prospective 241

7 Olfactory Display and Odor Recorder 247
Takamichi Nakamoto

7.1 Introduction 247

7.2 Principle of Olfactory Display 247

7.3 Application of Olfactory Display 263

7.4 Odor Recorder 267

7.5 Algorithm of Odor Recipe Exploration 274

7.6 Exploration of Odor Components 292

7.7 Teleolfaction 305

7.8 Summary 308

References 309

8 Summary and Future Perspectives 315
Takamichi Nakamoto

Index 317