Teeth

'Tooth Development - General Aspects.- A. General Arrangement of the Dental Tissues and Their Embryological Derivation.- B. Formation of Odontogenic Sites in the Developing Mouth.- I. Interactions Between Odontogenic Epithelium and Ectomesenchyme.- II. Primordia for the Different Classes of Teeth.- III. Early Innervation and Blood Supply.- C. Structural Formations in Mouth Development.- I. Tooth Germ, General Morphological and Histological Features of the Enamel Organ and Dental Papilla.- II. Dental Lamina, Enamel Niche and Accessory Laminae.- III. Labial and Vestibular Laminae.- IV. Linguoalveolar Sulcus.- V. Dental Follicle and Early Alveolus.- D. The Development of the Crown and its Morphology.- I. Developmental Integuments of the Enamel Surface.- E. Development of the Periodontium.- I. Outline of Root Formation.- II. The Periodontal Ligament.- III. Epithelial Rests of Malassez.- F. The Developmental Positions of the Teeth in the Jaws.- I. The Deciduous Teeth.- II. The Successional Teeth.- III. The Permanent Molars.- IV. Growth Retardation.- G. Developmental Anomalies.- References.- Tissue Changes During Tooth Eruption.- A. Tissue Changes During Eruption.- I. The Pre-Eruptive Phase.- II. The Eruptive Phase.- 1. The Development of the Periodontal Ligament During the Eruptive Phase.- 2. Adaptation of the Alveolar Bone to Eruption.- 3. Alterations in the Tissues Overlying the Erupting Tooth.- III. The Intra-Oral Phase.- B. Mechanisms of Tooth Eruption.- I. The Collagen Contraction Hypothesis.- II. The Periodontal Fibroblast Contraction/Motility Hypothesis.- III. The Vascular/Tissue Fluid Pressure Hypothesis.- References.- Development of Dentine and Pulp.- A. Introduction.- B. The Dental Papilla.- C. The Internal Dental Epithelium and the Preameloblasts.- D. The Dental Basement Membrane.- E. Epithelio-Mesenchymal Interactions.- F. The Odontoblast and the Odontoblastic Process.- I. Differentiation of the Odontoblasts.- II. The Cell Body of the Differentiated Odontoblast.- III. The Odontoblastic Process.- IV. The Metabolism of the Odontoblast.- 1. Collagen Biosynthesis.- 2. Glycoprotein and Fibronectin Biosynthesis.- 3. Proteoglycan Biosynthesis.- 4. Biosynthesis of ?-Carboxyglutamic Acid (GLA)-Containing Proteins.- 5. Phosphoprotein Biosynthesis.- 6. Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism.- 7. Degradative Activities of the Odontoblasts.- G. Predentine.- H. The Process of Mineralization.- I. Matrix Vesicles.- II. Alkaline Phosphatases.- III. The Concept of Epitaxy.- IV. The Role of Various Non-Collagenous Proteins.- V. The Role of Lipids.- J. The Development of Coronal Dentine.- I. Intertubular Dentine.- 1. Mantle Dentine and the Dentinoenamel Junction.- 2. Circumpulpal Dentine.- II. Peritubular Dentine.- K. The Development of Root Dentine.- L. The Development of the Pulp.- References.- Structure and Ultrastructure of Dentine.- A. Basic Anatomy.- B. Physical and Chemical Characteristics.- C. Classification of Different Types of Dentine.- D. The Odontoblast and Their Processes.- I. The Odontoblast Cell Body.- II. The Odontoblastic Process.- E. Predentine.- F. The Dentinal Tubules and Their Contents.- I. The Periodontoblastic Space.- II. The Lamina Limitans.- III. The Enamel Spindles.- G. Peritubular Dentine.- H. Intertubular Dentine.- J. Dentinoenamel and Cementodentinal Junctions.- K. Interglobular Dentine.- L. Granular Layer of Tomes.- M. Incremental Lines and Neonatal Lines.- N. Translucent Dentine.- O. Regular and Irregular Secondary Dentine.- References.- Structure and Ultrastructure of the Dental Pulp.- A. Basic Anatomy.- B. Pulpal Cells.- I. The Odontoblasts.- II. The Fibroblasts.- III. Other Pulpal Cells.- C. Extracellular Matrix of the Pulp.- D. The Cellular Organization of the Pulp.- I. The Odontoblastic Layer.- II. The Subodontoblastic Layer.- III. The Central Pulp.- E. Innervation and Dentine-Pulp Sensitivity.- I. Histological