Fuel Cell Electronics Packaging (eBook)

Foreword 5
Acknowledgements 7
Contents 8
INTRODUCTION TO FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY 10
INTRODUCTION 10
FUEL CELLS IN CONTEXT 10
HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES 13
SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 17
MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS 24
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 28
THE IDEAL REVERSIBLE SOFC - BASIC DERIVATION OF POTENTIAL AND EFFICIENCY 36
CONCLUSIONS 39
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 40
STABLE GLASS SEALS FOR INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE ( IT) SOFC APPLICATIONS 42
INTRODUCTION 42
STATE-OF-THE-ART SOFC SEALING 43
APPROACH FOR SEALING GLASS DEVELOPMENT 49
EXPERIMENTAL 53
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 56
CONCLUSIONS 67
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 68
A NOVEL TECHNOLOGY OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL FABRICATION 70
DENSE ELECTROLYTE FILMS 71
BULK MATERIALS 79
COMPOSITE ANODE AND CATHODE 85
CONCLUSIONS 92
IN SITU SEAL INTEGRITY SENSING FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 94
INTRODUCTION 94
HIGH TEMPERATURE ISSUES 95
TDR AND FR 95
SEAL DESIGN 96
FREQUENCY RESPONSE APPLIED TO SEAL INTEGRITY 98
EVALUATION TESTING 100
RESULTS 100
CONCLUSIONS 104
SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL 106
INTRODUCTION 106
STRUCTURE 107
CATHODE 110
ANODE 112
ELECTROLYTE 116
INTERCONNECT MATERIALS 117
INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE (IT-SOFC) 117
CONCLUSIONS 118
BENEFITS AND TEST RESULTS OF A CERAMIC SEPARATOR COMPONENT FOR MICRO FUEL CELLS 121
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 129
FOIL TYPE MICRO PEM FUEL CELL WITH SELF- BREATHING CATHODE SIDE 130
INTRODUCTION 130
FUEL CELL PRINCIPLE 130
WHY MEMS FUEL CELLS? 131
MEMS APPROACHES TO MICRO FUEL CELLS 131
SILICON-BASED FC 132
METAL-BASED FC 134
POLYMER-BASED FC 135
FOIL TYPE MICRO FUEL CELL DESIGN 136
TECHNOLOGY 138
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISATION 144
CONCLUSIONS 149
THERMAL CONSTRAINTS OF PEM MICRO FUEL CELLS FOR PORTABLE ELECTRONICS 152
INTRODUCTION 152
FUEL CELL PRINCIPLE 153
HEAT TRANSFER IN FUEL CELLS 154
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FUEL CELL STACK 155
EXPERIMENTAL 156
THERMAL MODEL 158
WATER BALANCE 159
THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF SYSTEM 161
FUEL CELL-POWERED CAMCORDER, NOTEBOOK COMPUTERS, AND MOBILE PHONES 166
CONCLUSIONS 168
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 169
A DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL USING CERMET ELECTRODES IN LOW TEMPERATURE COFIRE CERAMICS 171
INTRODUCTION 171
REVIEW OF DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL ELECTRODES AND CATALYST 173
EXPERIMENTAL 177
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 177
CONCLUSIONS 184
AUTOMATED FLUID DISPENSING FOR FUEL CELL MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY 187
INTRODUCTION 187
DEFINING THE DESIRED RESULTS 187
GENERAL FLUID CONSIDERATIONS 189
TYPES OF DISPENSING TECHNOLOGY 189
AUTOMATED EQUIPMENT FEATURES 194
FLUIDS USED IN AUTOMATED DISPENSING 198
EXAMPLES OF TYPICAL AUTOMATED DISPENSING APPLICATIONS 201
SUMMARY 208
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 208
INK-JET AS DIRECT-WRITE TECHNOLOGY FOR FUEL CELL PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING 211
INTRODUCTION 211
HISTORY 211
BACKGROUND ON INK-JET TECHNOLOGY 212
FLUID REQUIREMENTS 217
PATTERN FORMATION: FLUID/SUBSTRATE INTERACTION 218
THROUGHPUT CONSIDERATION 222
FUEL CELL RELATED MATERIALS PRINTING 223
COMMERCIAL PRINTING SYSTEMS 237
FUTURE TRENDS 240
CONCLUSIONS 241
INDEX 244