Handbook of Perception and Action (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Handbook of Perception and Action: Attention 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
List of Contributors 12
Introduction 14
Chapter 1. Visual Attention 18
1 The Start 19
2 The Theory 27
3 Further Developments 30
4 A Model 43
References 47
Chapter 2. Visual Search 56
1 Sensory Constraints 58
2 Anatomical Constraints 61
3 Information Processing Constraints 64
4 Eye Movements and Conspicuity 71
5 Eye Movements and Attention 72
6 Patterns of Eye Movements in Visual Search 75
7 Cognitive Models 76
8 Optimal Scanning and Monitoring 77
9 Search and Stress 80
10 Discussion 82
References 83
Chapter 3. Auditory Attention 92
1 Auditory Attention: The Cocktail Party Solution 93
2 Attention in a Single Auditory Stream 97
3 Streaming, Attention and Auditory Illusions 107
4 Epilogue 119
Acknowledgements 121
References 121
Chapter 4. Dual-Task Performance 126
1 Physically Incompatible Tasks 126
2 Time-Sharing and Capacity-Sharing 129
3 Multiple Processors and Multiple Resources 143
4 Process Interactions 150
5 Practice 157
Acknowledgements 161
References 161
Chapter 5. Involuntary Attention 168
1 A Taxonomy of the Phenomena 169
2 Level Shifts and Involuntary Attention 171
3 Rule Deviations and Involuntary Attending 181
4 Concluding Remarks 190
Acknowledgement 191
References 191
Chapter 6. Automatic and Controlled Information Processing: The Role of Attention in the Processing of Novelty 198
1 Attention, Automatization and the Role of Practice 199
2 Automatic Information Processing 207
3 Failing to Integrate Unattended Messages 224
4 Inattention and Automaticity: Some Conclusions 231
References 234
Chapter 7. Energetics and the Reaction Process: Running Threads Through Experimental Psychology 242
1 Historical Origins 243
2 Revived Views on Attention and the Rebirth of the RT Method 246
3 Revised Views on Attention, Arousal and the Reaction Process 251
4 From Attentional Bottlenecks to the Allocation of Effort 255
5 Cognitive–Energetic Relations: A Case Study 269
6 Reculer Pour Mieux Sauter 282
Acknowledgements 284
References 285
Chapter 8. Sustained Attention 290
1 Introduction 290
2 Toward a Taxonomy of Vigilance Tasks? 295
3 Individual Differences: An Approach to Explaining Vigilance Performance 298
4 Attention and Information Processing: An Approach to Explaining Vigilance Performance Using Event-Related Brain Potentials 303
5 Arousal – An Indirect Approach to Explaining Vigilance Performance: 310
6 Arousal – A Direct Approach to Explaining Vigilance Performance: The Effects of Drugs 314
7 Concluding Remarks 317
References 335
Chapter 9. Brain Potential Analysis of Selective Attention 346
1 ERPs and their Neural Bases 348
2 The Selective Attention Paradigm 349
3 Auditory Selective Attention 351
4 Visual Selective Attention 358
5 Bandwidth of Attentional Channels 366
6 Divided Attention 371
7 Multidimensional Selections 372
8 Automatic Versus Controlled Processing 376
9 Limitations of Selective Attention as Revealed by Measures of Motor Activation 382
10 Discussion and Conclusions 388
References 391
Chapter 10. Theories of Attention 402
1 A Brief Historical Survey 403
2 The Functional Basis of Limited Capacity 409
3 The Locus and Mechanisms of Selection 427
4 The Nature and Functions of Attention 444
References 452
Subject Index 460