Petroleum Biotechnology (eBook)

Cover 1
PREFACE 1
Table of Contents 1
List of Contributors 1
1. Use of Petroleum Biotechnology throughout the Value Chain of an Oil Company: An Integrated Approach 19
1. INTRODUCTION TO AN INTEGRATED APPROACH 1
2. MICROBIAL DNA FINGERPRINT TECHNIQUES IN EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION 1
3. BIOREACTOR: POTENTIAL USE OF BIOCATALYSTS IN CRUDE OIL UP-GRADING AND REFINING 1
4. WELL TREATMENTS TO SECURE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION BY PREVENTIVE MEDICATION. MICROBES AS SELF-GENERATING SYSTEMS 1
5. NEW APPLICATION OF EXTREMOPHILES IN OIL RELATED INDUSTRY 1
REFERENCES 1
2. Petroleum Biorefining: The Selective Removal of Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Metals 47
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. BIODESULFURIZATION 1
3. BIODENITROGENATION OF PETROLEUM 1
4. BIOPROCESSES FOR THE REMOVAL OF METALS FROM PETROLEUM 1
5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH PRIORITIES 1
REFERENCES 1
3. Enzymatic Catalysis on Petroleum Products 85
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESULFURIZATION 1
3. ENZYMATIC TRANSFORMATION OF ASPHALTENES 1
4. OXIDATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 1
5. ENZYMATIC C-C BOND ACTIVATION 1
6. OPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 1
REFERENCES 1
4. Prospects for Biological Upgrading of Heavy Oils and Asphaltenes 131
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. MOLECULES OF INTEREST 1
3. UPGRADING NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES 1
4. VISCOSITY AND ALIPHATIC SULFIDE CLEAVAGE 1
5. CONCLUSIONS 1
REFERENCES 1
5. Whole-Cell Bio-Processing of Aromatic Compounds in Crude Oil and Fuels 163
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. BIO-PROCESSING OF CRUDE OILS AND DISTILLATES IN OIL-WATER SYSTEMS 1
3. ATTRIBUTES OF AROMATIC BIO-PROCESSING BIOCATALYSTS 1
4. GENETIC ENGINEERING TO IMPROVE BIOCATALYSTS 1
5. EXAMPLES OF AROMATIC BIO-PROCESSING 1
6. CONCLUSIONS 1
REFERENCES 1
6. Biocatalysis by Methane Monooxygenase and its Implications for the Petroleum Industry 195
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. BIOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF METHANE MONOOXYGENASES 1
3. SOLUBLE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE 1
4. PARTICULATE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE 1
5. METHANE MONOOXYGENASE IN BIOCATALYIS 1
6. METHANE MONOOXYGENASE BIOMIMETICS 1
7. FUTURE PROSPECTS 1
REFERENCES 1
7. Biocorrosion 211
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. SRB INDUCED CORROSION OF STEEL 1
3. BIOCORROSION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS IN FUEL/WATER SYSTEMS 1
4. AEROBIC CORROSION OF IRON 1
5. MICROBIAL INHIBITION OF CORROSION 1
6. ELECTROCHEMICAL INTEPRETATION OF BIOCORROSION 1
7. PREVENTION AND CONTROL 1
8. MONITORING BIOCORROSION 1
9. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOCORROSION 1
10. CONCLUDING REMARKS 1
REFERENCES 1
8. Molecular Tools in Microbial Corrosion 237
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DNA HYBRIDIZATION TECHNIQUES TO MONITOR MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION 1
3. CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL AND ACHAEAL COMMUNITIES IN GAS PIPELINES BY DGGE AND 16S rRNA GENE SEQUENCING 1
4. LACK OF SPECIFICITY OF MICROBIAL GROWTH TESTS 1
5. DEVELOPING AN IMPROVED GENETIC METHOD TO QUANTIFY BACTERIA 1
6. CONCLUSIONS 1
REFERENCES 1
9. Potential Applications of Bioemulsifiers in the Oil Industry 251
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT BIOSURFACTANTS 1
3. BIOEMULSIFIERS 1
4. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS 1
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS 1
REFERENCES 1
10. Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation and the Prospects for Microbial Enhanced Energy Production 301
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. ANAEROBIC HYDROGEN METABOLISM 1
3. CHEMICAL THEORY AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HYDROCARBONS TO FUMARATE ADDITION REACTIONS 1
4. GEOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF METHANOGENIC OIL BIODEGRADATION 1
5. PROSPECTS FOR HYDROCABON METHANOGENESIS 1
6. HYDROCARBON METHANOGENESIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY 1
7. MICROBIAL ENHANCED ENERGY RECOVERY AND CARBON DIOXIDE 1
REFERENCES 1
11. Using Nitrate to Control Microbially-Produced Hydrogen Sulfide in Oil Field Waters 325
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. H2S AND THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 1
3. OIL RECOVERY AND WATERFLOODING 1
4. SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA 1
5. NITRATE-REDUCING BACTERIA 1
6. CONTROLLING MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF SULFIDE WITH NITRATE ADDITION 1
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS 1
REFERENCES 1
12. Regulation of Toluene Catabolic Pathways and Toluene Efflux Pump Expression in Bacteria of the Genus Pseudomonas 359
1. TOLUENE EXTRUSION AND DEGRADATION PATHWAYS INFLUENCE SURVIVAL IN PSEUDOMONADS 1
2. REGULATION OF THE TOL PATHWAY 1
3. REGULATION OF THE TOD PATHWAY 1
4. REGULATION OF THE TOLUENE-4-MONOOXYGENASE PATHWAY 1
5. OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATION OF THE TBU AND TOM PATHWAYS IN RALSTONIA PICKETTII AND BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA. 1
6. TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE ORGANIC SOLVENT EFFLUX PUMPS IN Pseudomonas putida 1
REFERENCES 1
13. Bacterial Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis Revisited 391
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. HYDROCARBON BIOSYNTHESIS IS A COMMON TRAIT AMONG BACTERIA 1
3. BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS 1
4. DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING 1
5. FUTURE PROSPECTS 1
REFERENCES 1
14. The Microbial Diversity of Deep Subsurface Oil Reservoirs 403
1. THE DISCOVERY OF MICROBIAL LIFE IN DEEP OIL WELLS 1
2. SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA (SRB) 1
3. METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA 1
4. FERMENTATIVE BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA 1
5. IRON REDUCERS 1
6. CULTURE-INDEPENDENT APPROACHES 1
7. CONCLUSIONS 1
REFERENCES 1
15. Biotechnological Approach for Development of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Technique 423
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. TEST FIELD 1
3. THE COLLECTION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY RELATED TO MEOR 1
4. ESTIMATION OF BEHAVIOR OF IN SITU MICROFLORA AT THE MOLASSES INJECTION TEST USING HUFF & PUFF PROCESS
5. DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES VERIFYING MEOR EFFECTIVENESS 1
6. CONCLUSION 1
REFERENCES 1
16. Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils: Principles and Applications 465
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. PHYTOREMEDIATION MECHANISMS 1
3. PILOT STUDIES 1
4. FIELD SCALE CONSIDERATIONS 1
5. Mathematical Modeling 1
6. REGULATORY ISSUES 1
7. EMERGING ETHICAL ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 1
8. CONCLUSIONS 1
REFERENCES 1
17. Biological Treatment of Polluted Air Emissions 497
1. METHODS OF ODOR AND VOC CONTROL 1
2. BIOLOGICAL METHODS 1
3. EXAMPLES OF TREATMENT OF VOLATILE PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY BATS 1
4. CONCLUSIONS 1
REFERENCES 1
18. Bioremediation of Marine Oil Spills 513
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. ANTHROPOGENIC INPUT OF OIL INTO THE WORLD'S OCEANS 1
3. COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL 1
4. PHYSICAL FATE OF SPILLED OIL 1
5. EVENTUAL FATE OF SPILLED OIL 1
6. SPILL RESPONSE 1
7. CONCLUSIONS 1
REFERENCES 1
19. Biotreatment of Water Pollutants from the Petroleum Industry 531
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION AND BIOTRANSFORMATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS 1
3. BIOTRANSFORMATION OF S- AND N-BEARING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOUR STREAMS 1
4. OXYGENATED FUEL ADDITIVES 1
5. PERSPECTIVES 1
REFERENCES 1
Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 1