Measurement Science for Engineers (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Measurement Science for Engineers 2
Copyright Page 3
Contents 4
Preface 7
Foreword 9
Chapter 1. Introduction 12
1.1. Views on measurement science 12
1.2. Trends in measurement science and technology 16
1.3. General architecture of a measurement system 19
1.4. Further reading 22
1.5. Exercises 23
Chapter 2. Basics of Measurement 26
2.1. System of units 26
2.2. Standards 29
2.3. Quantities and properties 32
2.4. Transducers 47
2.5. Further reading 51
2.6. Exercises 51
Chapter 3. Measurement Errors and Uncertainty 54
3.1. True values, errors and uncertainty 54
3.2. Measurement error and probability theory 55
3.3. Statistical inference 61
3.4. Uncertainty analysis 66
3.5. Characterization of errors 74
3.6. Error reduction techniques 85
3.7. Further reading 94
3.8. Exercises 95
Chapter 4. Analogue Signal Conditioning 98
4.1. Analogue amplifiers 98
4.2. Analogue filters 108
4.3. Modulation and detection 116
4.4. Further reading 124
4.5. Exercises 125
Chapter 5. Digital Signal Conditioning 128
5.1. Digital (binary) signals and codes 128
5.2. Sampling 130
5.3. Sampling devices and multiplexers 139
5.4. Digital functions 144
5.5. Hardware for digital signal conditioning 146
5.6. Further reading 149
5.7. Exercises 150
Chapter 6. Analogue to Digital and Digital to Analogue Conversion 152
6.1. Conversion errors 152
6.2. Parallel DA-converters 156
6.3. Serial DA-converters 159
6.4. Parallel AD-converters 160
6.5. Direct AD-converter 163
6.6. Integrating AD-converters 165
6.7. Sigma-delta AD-converters 168
6.8. Further reading 171
6.9. Exercises 172
Chapter 7. Measurement of Electrical, Thermal and Optical Quantities 174
7.1. Measurement of electrical quantities and parameters 174
7.2. Measurement of time and time-related quantities 184
7.3. Measurement of magnetic quantities 185
7.4. Measurement of thermal quantities 190
7.5. Measurement of optical quantities 199
7.6. Further reading 204
7.7. Exercises 206
Chapter 8. Measurement of Mechanical Quantities 208
8.1. Potentiometric sensors 208
8.2. Strain gauges 211
8.3. Capacitive displacement sensors 216
8.4. Magnetic and inductive displacement sensors 221
8.5. Optical displacement sensors 228
8.6. Piezoelectric force sensors and accelerometers 242
8.7. Acoustic distance measurement 247
8.8. Further reading 258
8.9. Exercises 259
Chapter 9. Measurement of Chemical Quantities 262
9.1. Some fundamentals and definitions 262
9.2. Potentiometry 263
9.3. Amperometry 268
9.4. Electrolyte conductivity 278
9.5. Further reading 286
9.6. Exercises 286
Chapter 10. Imaging Instruments 288
10.1. Imaging principles 289
10.2. Optical imaging 297
10.3. Advanced imaging devices 306
10.4. Digital image processing and computer vision 312
10.5. Further reading 317
10.6. Exercises 318
Chapter 11. Design of Measurement Systems 320
11.1. General aspects of system design 320
11.2. Computer based measurement systems 325
11.3. Design examples 329
11.4. Further Reading 340
Appendices 342
A. Scales 342
B. Units and quantities 345
C. Expectations, variances and covariance of two random variables 346
References 350
Solutions to Exercices 356
Index 366