IR

James M. Scott is the Herman Brown Chair and Professor of Political Science at Texas Christian University. His primary research and teaching interests are in international relations and foreign policy analysis and he has special interests in U.S. foreign policymaking, the role of Congress, and U.S. democracy promotion. He has authored/co-authored seven books and more than hundred journal articles, book chapters, other nonrefereed publications, review essays, and conference papers. During his career, Dr. Scott has earned over two dozen awards from students, faculty, administration, and professional associations including, most recently, the 2019 Textbook Excellence Award from the Textbook and Academic Authors Association (for IR: International, Economic, and Human Security in a Changing World, Third Edition, co-authored with Ralph G. Carter and A. Cooper Drury); the 2018-2019 Distinguished Faculty Lecture Award (Addran College of Liberal Arts, Texas Christian University); the 2018 Excellence in Teaching and Mentoring Award (International Studies Association – Midwest), the 2018 AddRan College of Liberal Arts Division of Social Sciences Award for Distinguished Achievement as a Creative Teacher and Scholar (Texas Christian University) and the 2012 Quincy Wright Distinguished Scholar Award (International Studies Association – Midwest). Dr. Scott has been active in professional associations, serving on the governing boards, as conference Program Chair, and as President of both the International Studies Association-Midwest (2000) and the Foreign Policy Analysis Section (2001) of the International Studies Association, and as a councillor for the Council on Undergraduate Research (2017-2019). He served as associate editor of Foreign Policy Analysis (2009-2015) co-editor of Political Research Quarterly (2015-2018), and lead editor of International Studies Perspectives (2020-present). From 2004-2013, he was the Director of the annual NSF-funded Democracy and World Politics Summer Research Experience for Undergraduates Program. Ralph G. Carter is Piper Professor of Texas, Professor, and former Chair of the Department of Political Science at Texas Christian University. His areas of specialization include international relations and comparative foreign policy analysis, with a particular emphasis on the domestic sources of foreign policy. He is the author, coauthor, editor, or coeditor of eight books or monographs (including this one), as well as more than 50 articles, book chapters, review essays, and other professional publications. He has been an invited scholar to universities in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. In addition to serving on the Executive Committee and chairing other committees of the International Studies Association, he also served as President of ISA’s Foreign Policy Analysis section, President of ISA’s Midwest region, Associate Editor of Foreign Policy Analysis, and on the editorial boards of Foreign Policy Analysis and International Studies Perspectives. He also served the American Political Science Association as a member of its Program Committee. In addition to over three dozen teaching awards and recognitions, in 2006 he became the first person from an undergraduate department to receive the Quincy Wright Distinguished Scholar Award from the International Studies Association-Midwest. In 2012, Princeton Review named him as one of The Best 300 Professors, and in 2013 the “Ralph G. Carter Excellence in Political Science” Scholarship was created at TCU. In 2014 he was named one of 10 Piper Professors of Texas and received the TCU Chancellor’s Award for Distinguished Achievement as a Creative Teacher and Scholar.    A. Cooper Drury is Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Science and Professor of Political Science at the University of Missouri. He earned his BA and MA from Michigan State University (1990, 1992) and his PhD from Arizona State University (1997). His primary research and teaching interests focus on foreign policy and international political economy. Specifically, he studies the causes, outcomes, and consequences of economic sanctions. Professor Drury has authored or co-authored two books, over two dozen articles and chapters. He won the Quincy Wright Distinguished Scholar Award and is the three-time winner of the Frank Klingberg Award for Outstanding Faculty Paper at the ISA-Midwest conference. Professor Drury has trained more than 20 doctoral students at the University of Missouri; in 2016, he received the ISA-Midwest Teaching and Mentoring Award, and in 2006, he received his University’s Gold Chalk Award for excellence in graduate education and mentoring. Professor Drury is very active in the profession. He was editor-in-chief of Foreign Policy Analysis, served as the program co-chair for the 2016 ISA conference, he was co-chair of the 2014 WISC/ISA conference, a past-president of both the Foreign Policy Analysis section and ISA-Midwest.

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
CHAPTER 1. WORLD POLITICS
Introduction: Making Sense of World Politics
1-1: A Complex World Connected to You
1-2: The Search for Security in a Challenging Environment
1-3: The Levels of Analysis and International Relations
1-4: Explaining the Patterns of World Politics
1-5: Dilemmas of Cooperation in International Relations: The Prisoner’s Dilemma and the Stag Hunt
Conclusion: Seeking Security and Contending with Challenges
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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PART I: THEORY AND PRACTICE
CHAPTER 2. THE PLAYERS AND THE PLAYING FIELD
Introduction: The IR Game Board
2-1: The Search for Security in a Changing World
2-2: The Pre-Westphalian System (Pre-1648)
2-3: The Westphalian System (1648–1989)
2-4: The Neo-Westphalian System (1990–Present)
Conclusion: Same Players but a Changing Field?
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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CHAPTER 3. POWERFUL IDEAS
Introduction: Powerful Ideas
3-1: Theory and International Relations
3-2: The Realist Perspective on World Politics
3-3: The Liberal Perspective on World Politics
3-4: The Constructivist Perspective on World Politics
Conclusion: Dueling Theories?
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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CHAPTER 4. ALTERNATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Introduction: Alternatives to Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism
4-1: Foreign Policy Analysis
4-2: Marxist Theory
4-3: World Systems Theory
4-4: Feminism
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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PART II: INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
CHAPTER 5. UNDERSTANDING CONFLICT
Introduction: International Conflict
5-1: The Nature of Armed Conflict
5-2: The Nature and Evolution of War in World Politics
5-3: Why Wars Begin
Conclusion: The Consequences of Wars
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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CHAPTER 6. SEEKING SECURITY
Introduction: Managing Conflict and Seeking Security
6-1: The Challenge of International Security
6-2: Realist Approaches to Security and Conflict
6-3: Liberal Approaches to Security and Conflict
Conclusion: Seeking Security
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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CHAPTER 7. BUILDING PEACE
Introduction: Achieving Cooperation
7-1: Cooperation and Its Challenges
7-2: International Law: Norms and Rules without Central Authority
7-3: International Organizations: The European Union, the United Nations, and Many Others
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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PART III: ECONOMIC SECURITY
CHAPTER 8. THE PURSUIT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY
Introduction: Money Is Power
8-1: Money, Power, and Security
8-2: The National Economy Era: Colonialism and Mercantilism
8-3: The International Economy Era: Free Trade, Liberalism, and Marxism
8-4: The Global Economy Era
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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CHAPTER 9. ECONOMIC STATECRAFT
Introduction: Using Wealth to Influence Other Countries
9-1: Economic Statecraft
9-2: Economic Sanctions
9-3: Foreign Aid
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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CHAPTER 10. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Introduction: The Differences Between the Rich and the Poor
10-1: The Wealth Gap
10-2: Why Are Some Countries Rich and Others Poor?
10-3: Development Theories and Policies
10-4: International Organizations and Development
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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PART IV: HUMAN SECURITY
CHAPTER 11. HUMAN RIGHTS
Introduction: Redefining Sovereignty From Protecting Borders to Protecting People
11-1: The Evolution of Human Rights
11-2: The Human Rights Regime: From Norms to Rules
11-3: The Challenge of Implementation and Enforcement
Conclusion: The Evolving Human Rights Regime
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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CHAPTER 12. THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Introduction: Environmental Challenges and the Consequences of Human Actions
12-1: The “Tragedy of the Commons”
12-2: The Evolving Environmental Regime
12-3: The Challenge of Fostering Sustainable Development
Conclusion: Facing the Environmental Challenge
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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CHAPTER 13. TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY NETWORKS
Introduction: A New Form of International Actor?
13-1: What Are Transnational Advocacy Networks?
13-2: How Do Transnational Advocacy Networks Affect Human Security?
13-3: The Diverse World of Transnational Advocacy Networks
Conclusion: Transnational Advocacy Networks and the Global Future
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Review Questions
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PART V: LOOKING AHEAD
CHAPTER 14. INTERNATIONAL, ECONOMIC, AND HUMAN SECURITY IN THE BALANCE
Introduction: Interpreting How the World Works
14-1: Anarchy, Diversity, and Complexity in World Politics
14-2: Seeking Security
14-3: The Road Ahead
14-4: Theory in Action, Geography, and Foreign Policy in Perspective
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Review Questions
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Appendix of World Maps
Glossary
References
Index