Copper in the Automotive Industry

Hansjorg Lipowsky holds an Engineering Degree and spent most of his carrer working for Audi AG, ultimately as head of the Metallic Materials directorate within the Technical Development Department. Since his retirement from Audi, he works as a consultant for the German and the European Copper Institute. Emin Arpaci studied metallurgy at Clausthal-Zellerfeld Technical University and TU Berlin, both Germany. Having previously worked for the German Copper Institute, he now manages his own engineering office and works as an appointed court surveyor.

RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES Primary Raw Materials Availability PRODUCTION From Ore to Copper Concentrate From Copper Concentrate to Refined Copper Secondary Copper Production Energy Consumption Recycling Environmental Protection Areas of Application CLASSIFICATION OF COPPER MATERIALS Wrought Copper Materials Copper Casting Materials Composites Powder Metallurgical Materials WROUGHT COPPER MATERIALS Manufacture of Semi-Finished Products Shapes and Dimensions Classification and Designation COPPER CASTING MATERIALS Casting Procedures Shapes and Dimensions Classification and Designation PROPERTIES OF THE COPPER MATERIALS Physical Properties Mechanical and Technological Properties WORKING WITH COPPER MATERIALS Mechanical Processing Joining Heat Treatment Surface Treatment Safety Measures Health Care DESIGN NOTES Design for Material Design for Recycling Limits of Application Tolerances and Machining Allowances EXAMPLES FOR APPLICATIONS USAGE PROPERTIES Corrosion Behaviour Strips for Electrical Engineering and Electronics Plain Bearings Reliability Reparability REFERENCES STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS EN-Standards US-Standards: ASTM Japanese Standards: JIS