Voltage–Sourced Converters in Power Systems

Amirnaser Yazdani, PhD , is an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Western Ontario. Formerly, he was with Digital Predictive Systems (DPS) Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, active in the design and production of power converters for wind energy systems. Dr. Yazdani has more than ten years of industry experience in the design, modeling, and analysis of switching power converters and railway signaling systems. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and a professional engineer in the province of Ontario, Canada. Reza Iravani, PhD , is a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto. Dr. Iravani is a Fellow of the IEEE and a professional engineer in the province of Ontario, Canada.

PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ACRONYMS. 1 Electronic Power Conversion. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Power-Electronic Converters and Converter Systems. 1.3 Applications of Electronic Converters in Power Systems. 1.4 Power-Electronic Switches. 1.5 Classification of Converters. 1.6 Voltage-Sourced Converter. 1.7 Basic Configurations. 1.8 Scope of the Book. PART I FUNDAMENTALS. 2 DC/AC Half-Bridge Converter. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Converter Structure. 2.3 Principles of Operation. 2.4 Converter Switched Model. 2.5 Converter Averaged Model. 2.6 Nonideal Half-Bridge Converter. 3 Control of Half-Bridge Converter. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 AC-Side Control Model of Half-Bridge Converter. 3.3 Control of Half-Bridge Converter. 3.4 Feed-Forward Compensation. 3.5 Sinusoidal Command Following. 4 Space Phasors and Two-Dimensional Frames. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Space-Phasor Representation of a Balanced Three-Phase Function. 4.3 Space-Phasor Representation of Three-Phase Systems. 4.4 Power in Three-Wire Three-Phase Systems. 4.5 a beta-Frame Representation and Control of Three-Phase Signals and Systems. 4.6 dq -Frame Representation and Control of Three-Phase Systems. 5 Two-Level, Three-Phase Voltage-Sourced Converter. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Two-Level Voltage-Sourced Converter. 5.3 Models and Control of Two-Level VSC. 5.4 Classification of VSC Systems. 6 Three-Level, Three-Phase, Neutral-Point Clamped, Voltage-Sourced Converter. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC. 6.3 PWM Scheme For Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC. 6.4 Switched Model of Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC. 6.5 Averaged Model of Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC. 6.6 Three-Level NPC. 6.7 Three-Level NPC with Capacitive DC-Side Voltage Divider. 7 Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System: Control in a beta-Frame. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Structure of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System. 7.3 Real-/Reactive-Power Controller. 7.4 Real-/Reactive-Power Controller Based on Three-Level NPC. 7.5 Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port. 8 Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System: Control in dq -Frame. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Structure of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System. 8.3 Real-/Reactive-Power Controller. 8.4 Current-Mode Control of Real-/Reactive-Power Controller. 8.5 Real-/Reactive-Power Controller Based on Three-Level NPC. 8.6 Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port. 9 Controlled-Frequency VSC System. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Structure of Controlled-Frequency VSC System. 9.3 Model of Controlled-Frequency VSC System. 9.4 Voltage Control. 10 Variable-Frequency VSC System. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Structure of Variable-Frequency VSC System. 10.3 Control of Variable-Frequency VSC System. PART II APPLICATIONS. 11 Static Compensator (STATCOM). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port. 11.3 STATCOM Structure. 11.4 Dynamic Model for PCC Voltage Control. 11.5 Approximate Model of PCC Voltage Dynamics. 11.6 STATCOM Control. 11.7 Compensator Design for PCC Voltage Controller. 11.8 Model Evaluation. 12 Back-to-Back HVDC Conversion System. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 HVDC System Structure. 12.3 DVDC Model System. 12.4 HVDC System Control. 12.5 HVDC System Performance Under an Asymmetrical Fault. 13 Variable-SpeedWind-Power System. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Constant-Speed and Variable-Speed Wind-Power Systems. 13.3 Wind Turbine Characteristics. 13.4 Maximum Power Extraction from A Variable-Speed Wind-Power System. 13.5 Variable-Speed Wind-Power System Based on Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine. APPENDIXA: Space-Phasor Representation of Symmetrical Three-Phase. Electric Machines. A.1 Introduction. A.2 Structure of Symmetrical Three-Phase Machine. A.3 Machine Electrical Model. A.4 Machine Equivalent Circuit. A.5 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). APPENDIX B: Per-Unit Values for VSC Systems. B.1 Introduction. REFERENCES. INDEX.