EM Modeling of Antennas and RF Components for Wireless Communication Systems (eBook)

Contents 12
1 Introduction 21
Part I Basics 23
2 Electromagnetic Fields 25
2.1 Maxwell’s Equations 25
2.2 Material Equations 26
2.3 Boundary Conditions 28
2.4 Waves in Free Space 29
2.5 Polarization 31
2.6 Waves in Lossy Media 32
2.7 Energy Conservation 34
2.8 Electromagnetic Potentials 35
2.9 Green’s Function 37
2.10 Waves on Transmission Lines 38
3 Radiofrequency and Antenna Theory 43
3.1 Scattering Parameters 43
3.2 Resonators and Antennas 47
3.3 Antenna Parameters 48
3.4 Antenna Arrays 57
Part II Numerical Methods 63
4 Numerical Methods 65
4.1 General Aspects of Numerical Modeling Software 66
4.2 Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) 68
4.3 Method of Moments (MoM) 86
4.4 Finite-Element Method (FEM) 93
4.5 Other Methods 98
5 Creating an Efficient Simulation Model 101
5.1 General Structure of Numerical Modeling Software 101
5.2 Geometry 104
5.3 Material Properties 109
5.4 Ports 110
5.5 Lumped Circuit Elements 114
5.6 Boundary Conditions 114
5.7 Meshing 117
5.8 Simulation Control Parameters 119
5.9 Estimation of Required Resources 120
5.10 Postprocessing 121
5.11 Selection of Numerical Method 122
5.12 Summary 123
6 Canonical Examples 127
6.1 Introduction 127
6.2 Coaxial Line Discontinuity 128
6.3 Coaxial Line Transition with Quarter Wavelength Transformer 143
6.4 Microstrip Filter 148
6.5 Feedpoint Impedance of a Dipole Antenna 159
6.6 Aperture Antenna 168
6.7 Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) 177
6.8 Induced Current Density in Lossy Media 191
6.9 Microstrip Gap in Resonant Cavity 197
Part III Applications 209
7 Applications in Wireless Communications Systems 211
7.1 GPS Antenna with Feeding Network 211
7.2 Base Station Antenna for Cellular Networks 227
7.3 Integrated Multiband Antennas for Mobile Phones 245
7.4 Ultra-Wideband Antenna Design 267
References 289
Index 293