Embedded Systems

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Summary, Further Reading, and Chapter Problems.)



 

1. Introduction to Embedded Systems

 

1.1 What is an Embedded System?

1.2 Special Challenges with Embedded Systems

1.3 Introduction to the 68HC12 and HCS12 Microcontroller

1.4 HCS12 Microcontroller

 

2. Microcontroller Programming and Structured Design

 

2.1 Why Program in a Higher Level Language (HLL)?

2.2 Advantages of Programming in Assembly Language

2.3 Advantages of Programming in HLL

2.4 Optimal Approach: Mixed C and Assembly Language

2.5 Structured Programming and Design

2.6 Laboratory Notebooks

2.7 Unified Modeling Language (UML)

2.8 Application: Retinal Laser Surgery System

 

3. C Microcontrollers Programming Skills

 

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Data Types in the C Language

3.3 Operators

3.4 Functions

3.5 Header File

3.6 Compiler Directives

3.7 C Programming Constructs

3.8 Loops

3.9 Decision Processing

3.10 Arrays and Strings

3.11 Pointers

3.12 Structures

3.13 Programming and Debugging Procedures

3.14 Compiler/Assembler Specifics

 

4. 68HC12/HCS12 System Description and Programming

 

4.1 The 68HC12 Hardware System

4.2 The HCS12 Hardware System

4.3 Modes of Operation

4.4 Hardware Pin Assignments

4.5 Register Block

4.6 Port System

4.7 The B32 Memory System

4.8 The HCS12 DP256 Memory System

4.9 Exception Processing–Resets and Interrupts

4.10 Reset and Exception Systems Aboard the 68HC12

4.11 68HC12 Interrupt Response

4.12 Writing Interrupt Service Routines in C

4.13 Clock Functions

4.14 The Timing System–The Standard Timer Module (TIM)

4.15 The Real Time Interrupt (RTI)

4.16 The Enhanced Capture Timer: MC68HC12BE32 and HCS12 Variants

4.17 Serial Communications–The Multiple Serial Interface

4.18 The 68HC12 Serial Communications Interface

4.19 SPI-Serial Peripheral Interface

4.20 Analog-to-Digital Conversion Background Theory

4.21 Analog-to-Digital Converter Technologies

4.22 The 68HC12 Analog-to-Digital (ATD) Conversion System

4.23 HCS12 Analog-to-Digital (ATD) Conversion System

4.24 The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) System

4.25 Power Limiting Features

4.26 Application

 

5. Basic Input/Output Interfacing Concepts

 

5.1 68HC12 Voltage and Current Characteristics

5.2 Input Devices–Switches, DIP Switches, and Keypads

5.3 Output Devices–LEDs, Seven-Segment Displays, Tri-state Indicators

5.4 Programming Input and Output Devices

5.5 Advanced Input Device Concepts–Switch Debouncing

5.6 Advanced Output Device Concepts–Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)

5.7 Interfacing to Other Devices–Motor Example

5.8 Example–Combination Pin Lock

5.9 Transducer Interface Design

5.10 The RS-232 Interface

 

6. Welcome to the Real World!

 

6.1 Examples–“Horror Stories!” Case Studies of Design Failures

6.2 68HC12 Handling and Design Guidelines

6.3 Noise Considerations

6.4 Defensive Programming

6.5 Noise Testing Techniques

6.6 Power Management

 

7. Embedded Controller Systems

 

7.1 Wall-following Mobile Robot System

7.2 Laser Light Show

7.3 Digital Voltmeter

7.4 Motor Speed Control with Optical Tachometer

7.5 Flying Robot

7.6 Fuzzy-Logic-Based Security Systems

7.7 Sliding Puzzle Game

7.8 Application: Programming the Flash EEPROM on the B32 EVB

 

8. Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS)

 

8.1 A Parable: the “Real” Real-Time Operating System

8.2 What is a RTOS?

8.3 Review of Concepts

8.4 Basic Concepts

8.5 Types of RTOS Systems

8.6 RTOS Issues

8.7 Implementing a RTOS System

8.8 Fundamental Application: Stereo Amplifier Controller–Polled Loop

8.9 Application: Stereo Amplifer Controller with Transistor Protection–Polled Loop with Interrupts

8.10 Challenging Application: RTOS Simulator

 

9. Distributed Processing Systems–Networking

 

9.1 Design Approaches

9.2 Computer Networks

9.3 Controller Area Network

9.4 Differences Between msCAN controllers in the 68HC12 and the MC9S12DP256

9.5 Application

9.6 Byte Data Link Controller (BDLC)