Energy Efficient Microwave Systems (eBook)

Acknowledgement 5
Contents 6
List of Figures 8
List of Tables 12
Biography 13
1 Introduction 15
Decreasing Resources Consumption by Airplanes, Cars, and Wind Energy Plants 16
2 Industrial Microwave Sources at ISM Frequencies 18
Possible 24.15GHz Sources and Their Properties 19
3 Microwave Heating -- Dielectric Properties and Energy Conversion 22
Heating A General Electromagnetic Problem 22
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation and Material Interaction 23
Classical Debye Dissipation Model of Materials 25
Detailed Consideration on Microwave Heating of Water 26
Ionic Contribution 26
A Non Classical Consideration on Microwave Heating of Water 27
Synthesis of Technical Macromolecular Plastics 30
Quantum Representation of the Microwave Effective Electric Conductivity 32
4 Efficient Microwave Transmission Devices and Measurements 35
Standard Rectangular Waveguides 35
Waveguide Antenna Design 37
Experimental Verification 42
Dielectric Measurements and Material Data 42
Dielectric Measurements 45
5 Avionic Microwave Anti-/De-Icing Systems 47
Basic Considerations of Icing in Aviation 47
Microwave Alternative CAPRI Investigations 49
Millimetre-Wave Investigations at FZK 50
Following the CAPRI-Approach 51
Heating of CFRP Composites 53
Discussion and Conclusions to the mm-Wave Experiments for Technological Design Preparations 55
Electrothermal CFRP-Airfoil In-Flight Model 56
Theoretical Basics of Microwave In-Flight Composite Heating 57
Continuous Anti-Icing System Design 61
Frequency Choice 62
Microwave Source 62
Primary Waveguide System Components 64
Secondary Waveguide System Components 65
Power Requirements and Heating Performance 66
Common Aluminum Approach 66
Power Reduction with CFRP-Composites 67
Anti-Icing In-Flight Heating Performance 67
De-Icing Leading Edge System 68
6 Processing Technology for Composite Materials 71
The HEPHAISTOS-Systemline and Technology 74
Microwave Process Development 78
Fundamental Investigations 81
Homogeneous Field Applicator Development 81
Electrothermal Considerations 85
The Temperature Answer of Materials Exposed to a Homogeneous Field Choice of Frequency 88
Basic Investigations for the CFC Curing Process with Microwaves 89
Anisotropic Electromagnetic Effects for CFRP Heating 91
Design and Proof of the Modular 2.45GHz HEPHAISTOS Conception 93
Process Development 98
Development of Thermo-Electric Foils 101
Systematic Material Investigations for Microwave Processed CFC Materials 102
7 Summary and Outlook 110
References 114
Index 121