Economic Doctrine and Method

Joseph Schumpeter

Chapter 1 The Development of Economics as a Science 1 Literature: Of special works Hasbach's Philosophische Grundlagen der von F. Quesnay and A. Smith begründeten Politischen Oekonomie, Schmoller's Forschungen, 1890, and Bonar's above-mentioned book are of particular importance. The economy of classical antiquity can be studied best in the general literature on classical subjects, particularly that on ancient economic history. We may, however, mention two works on Aristotle's economic views. Kraus, Wertlehre des Aristoteles, and Kinkel, Sozialökonomische Anschauungen des Aristoteles. Compare also: Gouchon, Les doctrines économiques dans la Grèce antique. For the remainder of this epoch: Endemann, Studien in der romanisch-kanonistischen Wirtschafts-und Rechtslehre. Ashley, English Economic History and Theory. Contzen, Geschichte der volkswirtschaftlichen Literatur im Mittelalter. Brants, Theories économiques au XIII et XIV siècles. Laspeyres, Geschichte der volkswirtschaftlichen Anschauungen der Niederländer und ihrer Literatur zur Zeit der Republik, 1865. Gargas, Die volkswirtschaftlichen Anschauungen in Polen im XVII. Jahrh. Small, The Cameralists. Leslie Stephen, English Thought in the Eighteenth Century. Supino, La scienza economica in Italia nei secoli XVI–XVII (1888). Horn, L’économie politique avant les physiocrats, 1867.; Chapter 2 The Discovery of The Circular Flow of Economic Life, ADAMSMITH; Chapter 3 The Classical System and Its Offshoots 1 There is little specialized literature just for the history of this period, although, of course, the works produced in it have caused numerous discussions in practically all theoretical treatises. Compare, however, Cannan, The History of the Theories of Production and Distribution in English Political Economy from 1776 to 1848 (2nd ed. 1903), Bonar, Malthus and his Work (1888), Leslie Stephen, The English Utilitarians, Diehl, Sazialwissenschaftliche Erläuterungen, zu Ricardo, also Proudhon, Schüller, Die Klassische Nationalökonomie und ihre Gegner. The histories of individual problems quoted in the introductory list of books are, of course, devoted in the first place to the views of this epoch.; Chapter 4 The Historical School and The Theory of Marginal Utility;